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一、人称代词

1.主格作主语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches us Chinese . 2.三种人称代词并列时，顺序为:

◆ 单数：二三一 （You, she and I ）

◆ 复数：一二三 (we , you and they )

3.it 的一些特别用法

①用作形式主语，常用于 It’s +adj +to do sth句型中

②用在句型 It seems that …中

③用在句型It’s one’s turn to do sth中

④用在句型 It’s time to do sth / for sth中

⑤用在句型It’s +adj +that 从句中

⑥用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式 make /think /feel/find + it + adj./n. + to do sth

二、物主代词

1.形容词性物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。 2.名词性物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性物主代词常与of 连用。

Our classroom is as big as theirs .

This is a friend of mine.

【注】①名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词加一个名词（名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+ 名词） ②形容词性物主代词与own 连用时，后面可跟名词也可不跟名词

my own house = a house of my own

三、反身代词 反身代词的常用搭配：

enjoy oneself

hurt oneself

teach oneself = learn…by oneself

all by oneself

help oneself to …

look after oneself

leave sb by oneself

lose oneself in

say to oneself

for oneself

dress oneself

improve oneself

四、指示代词

1.近指: this these 远指: that those

2.用法:

①that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物，以避免重复。that代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词，those 代替复数名词。

The weather in Guangdong is hotter than that in Qinghai .

The books in this shop are cheaper than those in that shop.

②this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分：that代替前面提到的句子，this代替下面提到的句子。

He had a bad cold, that is why he didn’t come.

I shall say this to you: he is an honest man.

③在电话用语中this 代替自己，而that 代替对方。

This is Tom speaking. Who is that ?

五、不定代词的区别

1.one与it 的区别

one 代替同类事物中的一种,而it代替上文中出现的某事物。

I left my book in my drawer, but today it is gone.

I don’t like this type of CD player. Could you show me a better one?

2.some与any 的区别

一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定、疑问句、条件句中，但在表建议的疑问句中，仍用some 代any，常用于could/would /May 开头或what about/how about …. 的句中。

May I have some water ?

He asked me for some paper , but I didn’t have any .

any用于肯定句中，常意为“任何” Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。

3.many与much的区别

many+可数名词的复数，much+不可数名词，都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词

【注意】a lot of 不能用于否定句中

4.each与 every 的区别

each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个，而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个。

There are trees and flowers on each side of the street.

【注意】each 可以与of 连用，each of 作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而every 不能与of 连用，只能放在名词前作定语。

Each of us is studying hard.

5.no one，nothing与none 的区别

◆ none可指人也可以指物，可与of连用；none用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语用单数，若指可数名词，则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体，但更符合惯用法)；

侧重指数量上“一个也没有”，一般用来 回答how many/much +n, 及含any+n 引起的疑问句，如：

None of us have/has seen him.

-How many cats are there in the room?

-None.

-How much money do you have on you?

-None.

-Is there any water in the thermos?

-None.

◆ no one通常用来指人，不与of连用；no one用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；一般用来回答who, 及含anyone、anybody引起的疑问句，如：

No one likes a person with bad manners. 没人喜欢没有礼貌的人。

-Who is in the room?

-No one.

-Is there anyone in the room?

-No one.

◆ nothing 通常用来指物。Nothing用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；一般用来回答what引起的特殊问句及含anything的一般问句，如：

-What is in the box?

-Nothing.

-Is there anything in the sky?

-Nothing.

6.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别

①both 的否定词是neither , all的否定词是none.

②both of 作主语时，谓语动词用复数；neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

Neither of the answers is right.

Both of my parents are workers.

③词组both …and …连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数。同义词组:not only …but also … 反义词组: neither … nor …

Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= Both you and she like watching TV.

④词组either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。

Neither you nor he is right .

One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = Either Lily or Lucy is going to the park.

⑤either也可以作副词，用于否定句中，表示“也（不）” neither通常用在句子（或简略答语）的开头，表示“也不”,其后要用倒装语序（将主语放在助动词、情态动词、系动词be之后）

If she won't go, neither shall I. (＝If she won't go, I won't either．)

7.other /the other /others /the others 的区别

①one …the other … 表示两者之间的一个……另一个……

②some… others… 表示一些…… 一些……

③some...the others特指某个范围内一些人..., 剩下的人...

④another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个，只能修饰可数名词的单数。但 another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词，表示“另外几个……”

Would you like another apple ?

I have two brothers. One is a teacher , the other is a worker .

Some are cleaning the classroom , and others are sweeping the window .

There are 20 teachers in our school . Eight of them are men teachers, and the others are women teachers.

8.复合不定代词

①复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Everything begins to grow in spring.

②形容词修饰不定代词时, 形容词放在不定代词之后。Is there something interesting in today’s newspaper?

③动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后。I want something to eat.

④any ,anything ,anyone, anybody 也可用于肯定句中，表示任何……/任何物/任何人

He could mimic anybody 他可以模仿任何人。

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